Investment and venture capital: Valuation, portfolio strategy, deal structuring and entrepreneurial finance

Investment determines which claims, enterprises and projects receive scarce capital, at what price, with which rights and under whose risk. This chapter integrates public-market securities analysis, international investment appraisal and venture-capital decision-making within one investor-centered architecture. It develops investment mandates, strategic asset allocation and rebalancing, African capital-market structure, return and risk measurement, diversification, Modern Portfolio Theory, CAPM, multifactor models, market efficiency, behavioral finance, technical analysis, fixed-income valuation, DCF and relative valuation, private-market fair-value governance, scenario analysis, international portfolios and FDI appraisal. It then examines private equity and venture capital, including fund economics, early-stage valuation, capitalization tables, dilution, SAFEs, due diligence, term sheets, governance rights, performance measurement and exits. Tyme Group anchors the African private-market case, while Norway's Government Pension Fund Global provides a contrasting institutional portfolio case. Current African evidence, AI-supported investing and impact claims are critically evaluated. Christian moral reasoning frames investment as prudent stewardship, truthful valuation, fiduciary responsibility, fair risk-bearing and accountable use of financial power.

Keywords: investment analysis; portfolio theory; valuation; CAPM; African capital markets; foreign direct investment; venture capital; term sheets; private-market performance; investment ethics