Foundations of Christian Faith: Scripture, Doctrine, Discernment, and Christian Living Under Sola Scriptura
Keywords:
Christian doctrine and biblical theology, Systematic theology for beginners, Sola Scriptura Bible study, Biblical worldview and spiritual discernment, Christian discipleship and spiritual growth, Bible college theology textbook, End times doctrine and Christian livingSynopsis
Foundations of Christian Faith: Scripture, Doctrine, Discernment, and Christian Living under Sola Scriptura is a comprehensive doctrinal textbook designed to establish believers in the essential truths of biblical Christianity. Organized into ten integrated chapters, the book presents a coherent overview of Scripture, the nature and character of God, the person and work of Jesus Christ, the ministry of the Holy Spirit, creation, humanity, sin, salvation, the church, spiritual realities, last things, and faithful Christian living.
Grounded in the conviction that Scripture is the final and sufficient authority for Christian faith and practice, the book helps readers examine doctrine carefully, distinguish biblical truth from theological error, and respond wisely to spiritual deception and contemporary cultural pressures. It combines doctrinal clarity with practical application, showing that sound theology should shape worship, character, relationships, ministry, ethical conduct, and readiness for Christ’s return.
Written for individual believers, churches, ministry leaders, theological students, Bible colleges, and discipleship groups, this volume may be used as both a structured teaching resource and a personal study guide. Its central purpose is to strengthen biblical understanding, cultivate spiritual discernment, deepen commitment to Christ, and equip Christians to live faithfully, courageously, and consistently according to the revealed Word of God.
References
Consolidated References by Chapter
The following references were restored from the published chapter files and organized by chapter to preserve academic traceability while keeping the reader edition free from repeated chapter-level reference sections.
Chapter 1
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Fee, G. D., & Stuart, D. (2014). How to read the Bible for all its worth (4th ed.). Zondervan Academic. https://zondervanacademic.com/products/how-to-read-the-bible-for-all-its-worth-4th
Grudem, W. A. (2020). Systematic theology: An introduction to biblical doctrine (2nd ed.). Zondervan Academic. https://zondervanacademic.com/products/systematic-theology-second-edition
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Sangwa, S. (2024b, June 1). What does it mean that the Bible is infallible? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/infallibility-of-the-bible
Sangwa, S. (2024c, June 1). What is the difference between the inerrancy and infallibility of Scripture? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/biblical-inerrancy
Sangwa, S. (2024d, June 1). What does it mean that the Bible should be our sole authority for faith and practice? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/biblical-authority
Sangwa, S. (2024e, June 3). How should we interpret the Bible? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/biblical-interpretation
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Chapter 2
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Sangwa, S. (2024a, June 3). What does the Bible teach about the Trinity? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/trinity
Sangwa, S. (2024b, June 4). Who is the Holy Spirit? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-holy-spirit
Sangwa, S. (2024c, June 23). Is Oneness Pentecostalism a departure from biblical orthodoxy? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/oneness-Pentecostalism
Sangwa, S. (2024d, August 10). Is every religion valid, or which is the true religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/true-religion
Sangwa, S. (2025, May 8). How has the New Age movement evolved into a push for a one-world religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-new-age-spirituality-toward-one-world-religion
Sanders, F. (2016). The triune God. Zondervan Academic. https://zondervanacademic.com/products/the-triune-god
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Chapter 3
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Hurtado, L. W. (2003). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in earliest Christianity. Eerdmans. https://www.bu.edu/religion/files/pdf/Lord-Jesus-Christ-devotion-to-Jesus-in-Early-Chris tiantiy.pdf
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Morris, L. (1983). The apostolic preaching of the cross (3rd ed.). Eerdmans. https://www.amazon.ca/Apostolic-Preaching-Cross-Leon-Morris/dp/080281512X
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Sangwa, S. (2024a, June 15). What is Christology and why is it crucial for believers to understand? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/christology
Sangwa, S. (2024b, June 3). What is the gift of salvation in Christianity and how do I accept it? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/salvation
Sangwa, S. (2024c, June 3). What does the Bible teach about the Trinity? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/trinity
Sangwa, S. (2024d, August 10). Is every religion valid, or which is the true religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/true-religion
Sangwa, S. (2024e, January 1). Are Jehovah’s Witnesses saved or is it okay to join them if you are a genuine Christian? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/jehovah-s-witnesses-vs-christianity
Sangwa, S. (2024f, June 23). Is Oneness Pentecostalism a departure from biblical orthodoxy? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/oneness-Pentecostalism
Sangwa, S. (2024g, May 7). Has Christianity been hijacked by prosperity Gospel? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/prosperity-gospel
Sangwa, S. (2025a, February 6). Could the rapture align with a future Feast of Trumpets? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/could-the-rapture-align-with-a-future-f east-of-trumpets
Sangwa, S. (2024i, March 27). Are we standing on the brink of the church rapture? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/are-we-standing-on-the-brink-of-the-ch urch-rapture
Sangwa, S. (2024j, September 3). What drives ministers to seek personal recognition over Christ? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/ministers-seeking-recognition-over-Ch rist
Sangwa, S. (2025b, May 8). How has the New Age movement evolved into a push for a one-world religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-new-age-spirituality-toward-one-w orld-religion
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Chapter 4
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Sangwa, S. (n.d.). Statement of belief. Sixbert SANGWA. https://sixbert.openchristian.education/about/BS
Sangwa, S. (2024a, April 16). Can we study to attain the Holy Spirit’s offices or gifts? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/holy-spirit-s-offices-and-gifts-are-not-earned
Sangwa, S. (2024b, June 4). Who is the Holy Spirit? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-holy-spirit
Sangwa, S. (2024c, June 3). What does the Bible teach about the Trinity? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/trinity
Sangwa, S. (2025, May 28). Behind the doctrine of impartation: Can spiritual gifts be transferred by man? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/behind-the-doctrine-of-impartation-can-spiritua l-gifts-be-transferred-by-man
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
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Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The one true God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
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Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The eternal Son, true God and true man, crucified Savior, risen Lord, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d, February 26). Scientism, the Beast, and the eclipse of the Holy Spirit: A Sola Scriptura warning for the twenty-first century. Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/scientism-the-beast-and-the-eclipse-of-the-holy -spirit-a-sola-scriptura-warning-for-the-t
Chapter 5
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Sangwa, S. (2024a, March 30). Are there Christian ministers empowered by darkness? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/christian-ministers-empowered-by-darkness
Sangwa, S. (2024b, August 12). What is the New Age Movement? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/new-age-movement
Sangwa, S. (2024c, September 17). How do spiritual forces influence national and international affairs? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/spiritual-forces-influence-global-affairs
Sangwa, S. (2024d). What should Christians understand about angels and demons? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/angels-and-demons
Sangwa, S. (2025, May 8). How has the New Age movement evolved into a push for a one-world religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-new-age-spirituality-toward-one-world-reli gion
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.119
Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The one true God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.120
Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The eternal Son, true God and true man, crucified Savior, risen Lord, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d). The Holy Spirit: True God, Spirit of truth, Regenerator, indwelling seal, Sanctifier, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.124
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Sangwa, S. (2024). Created for a purpose: What does faith tell us about our journey as humans? Open Christian Education. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/humanity
Sangwa, S. (2024, March 23). Are New Age ideologies leading Christians away from God's truth? Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/are-new-age-ideologies-leading-christians-away-from-gods-truth
Sangwa, S. (2026, February 26). Scientism, the Beast, and the eclipse of the Holy Spirit: A Sola Scriptura warning for the twenty-first century. Open Christian Education. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/scientism-the-beast-and-the-eclipse-of-the-holy -spirit-a-sola-scriptura-warning-for-the-twenty-first-century
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Chapter 7
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Sangwa, S. (2023, October 7). If I live a moral life and have good works, am I saved? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/salvation-by-grace-through-faith-and-not-by-w ork
Sangwa, S. (2024, April 13). Do rituals and sacraments play a role in human sanctification? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/sacraments-and-salvation
Sangwa, S. (2024, June 5). What is the gift of salvation in Christianity and how do I accept it? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/salvation
Sangwa, S. (2024, June 22). Can people be saved outside of Christianity? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/salvation-outside-of-Christianity
Sangwa, S. (2024, September 1). Can believers fall from grace and lose their salvation? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/falling-away-from-salvation
Sangwa, S. (2024, September 10). How do human righteousness and God's gift of righteousness differ? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/human-righteousness-vs-God-s-gift-of-righteou sness
Sangwa, S. (2025, January 21). How can we biblically discern truth from error in modern prosperity teachings? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-dangers-of-prosperity-gospel
Sangwa, S. (2025, May 8). How has the New Age movement evolved into a push for a one-world religion? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-new-age-spirituality-toward-one-world-reli gion
Sangwa, S. (2025, July 22). Does holistic transformation heal or has the prosperity gospel simply changed its wardrobe? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/the-material-gospel
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.119
Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The one true God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.120
Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The Eternal Son, True God and True Man, Crucified Savior, Risen https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d). The Holy Spirit: True God, Spirit of Truth, Regenerator, Indwelling Seal, Sanctifier, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.124
Sangwa, S. (2026e). Angels, Satan, and Demons: Created Spirits, Ministering Servants, Fallen Powers, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.125
Sangwa, S. (2026). Humanity: Created in God’s Image, Fallen in Sin, Accountable Before God, and in https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.126
Schreiner, T. R. (2015). Faith alone: The doctrine of justification. Zondervan Academic. https://zondervanacademic.com/products/faith-alone-the-doctrine-of-justification
Schreiner, T. R. (2018). Romans (2nd ed.). Baker Academic. https://bakeracademic.com/products/9781540960054_romans
Stott, J. R. W. (2021). The cross of Christ (Centennial ed.). IVP Books. https://ivpbooks.com/the-cross-of-christ
Chapter 8
Allison, G. R. (2012). Sojourners and strangers: The doctrine of the church. Crossway. https://www.crossway.org/books/sojourners-and-strangers-case/
Christian Standard Bible. (2017). Holman Bible Publishers. https://csbible.com/
Clowney, E. P. (1995). The church. IVP Academic. https://www.ivpress.com/the-church-cct
Cole, G. A. (2007). He who gives life: The doctrine of the Holy Spirit. Crossway. https://www.crossway.org/books/he-who-gives-life-case/
Dever, M. (2012). The church: The gospel made visible. B&H Academic. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Church.html?id=HwBspD89ppwC
Kostenberger, A. J., & O'Brien, P. T. (2020). Salvation to the ends of the earth: A biblical theology of mission (2nd ed.). InterVarsity Press. https://www.ivpress.com/salvation-to-the-ends-of-the-earth
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.119
Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The One True God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.120
Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The Eternal Son, True God and True Man, Crucified Savior, Risen https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d). The Holy Spirit: True God, Spirit of Truth, Regenerator, Indwelling Seal, Sanctifier, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.124
Sangwa, S. (2026e). Angels, Satan, and Demons: Created Spirits, Ministering Servants, Fallen Powers, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.125
Sangwa, S. (2026f). Humanity: Created in God's Image, Fallen in Sin, Accountable Before God, and in https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.126
Sangwa, S. (2026g). Salvation: By Grace Alone, Through Faith Alone, in Christ Alone, Regenerated by and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.127
Schnabel, E. J. (2004). Early Christian mission. InterVarsity Press. https://www.ivpress.com/early-christian-mission-paperback-set
Stott, J. R. W. (2007). The living church: Convictions of a lifelong pastor. IVP Books. https://ivpress.com/the-living-church
Wright, C. J. H. (2025). The mission of God: Unlocking the Bible's grand narrative (2nd ed.). IVP Academic. https://www.ivpress.com/the-mission-of-god
Chapter 9
Bauckham, R. (1993). The theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819858
Beale, G. K. (1999). The book of Revelation: A commentary on the Greek text. Eerdmans. https://www.eerdmans.com/9781467422307/the-book-of-revelation/
Bostrom, N. (2005). A history of transhumanist thought. Journal of Evolution and Technology, 14(1), 1-25. https://nickbostrom.com/papers/a-history-of-transhumanist-thought/
Craig, W. L. (1989). Assessing the New Testament evidence for the historicity of the resurrection of Jesus. Edwin Mellen Press. https://www.edwinmellen.com/book/William-Lane-Craig/1890/
Hoekema, A. A. (1994). The Bible and the future. Eerdmans. https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802808516/the-bible-and-the-future/
Hollanek, T., & Nowaczyk-Basinska, K. (2024). Griefbots, deadbots, postmortem avatars: On responsible applications of generative AI in the digital afterlife industry. Philosophy & Technology, 37, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00744-w
Ladd, G. E. (1990). The blessed hope: A biblical study of the Second Advent and the rapture. Eerdmans. https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802811110/the-blessed-hope/
Miller, C. (2022). How modern witches enchant TikTok: Intersections of digital, consumer, and material culture(s) on #WitchTok. Religions, 13(2), Article 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020118
Moo, D. J. (1996). 2 Peter, Jude. Zondervan. https://www.christianbook.com/2-peter-jude-niv-application-commentary/douglas-moo/97803102 01045/pd/20104
Pew Research Center. (2025, May 21). 3 in 10 Americans consult astrology, tarot cards or fortune tellers. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/05/21/3-in-10-americans-consult-astrology-tarot-card s-or-fortune-tellers/
Sangwa, S. (2024, June 5). What does the Bible teach about the future? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/things-to-come
Sangwa, S. (2024, August 12). What is the New Age Movement? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/new-age-movement
Sangwa, S. (2024, October 1). Is a one-world religion secretly taking over the world's churches? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/one-world-religion-taking-shape
Sangwa, S. (2025, January 25). How does Christ's Second Coming happen in two phases? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/two-phases-of-Christ-second-coming
Sangwa, S. (2025, January 28). What are the spiritual dangers of post-tribulation rapture teachings? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/dangers-of-post-tribulation-rapture-teachings
Sangwa, S. (2025, February 19). Has Satan's 'little season' already begun? A Christian response to this doctrine. Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/no-Satan-s-little-season-has-not-begun-yet
Sangwa, S. (2025, September 4). What did Jesus mean by 'No one knows the day or the hour'? Open Christian University. https://learn.openchristian.education/blog/sangwa/what-did-jesus-mean-by-no-one-knows-the-day -or-the-hour
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.119
Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The one true God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.120
Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The eternal Son, true God and true man, crucified Savior, risen Lord, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d). The Holy Spirit: True God, Spirit of truth, Regenerator, Indwelling Seal, Sanctifier, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.124
Sangwa, S. (2026e). Angels, Satan, and demons: Created spirits, ministering servants, fallen powers, and https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.125
Sangwa, S. (2026f). Humanity: Created in God's image, fallen in sin, accountable before God, and in need https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.126
Sangwa, S. (2026g). Salvation: By grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone, regenerated by the
Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.127
Sangwa, S. (2026h). The Church: The body of Christ, the people of God, and the witness of the gospel. Open Journal of Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.128
UNESCO. (2021). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence
Wright, N. T. (2003). The resurrection of the Son of God. Fortress Press. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Resurrection_of_the_Son_of_God.html?id=RoD5_b N-WxUC
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Bauckham, R. (2008). Jesus and the God of Israel: God crucified and other studies on the New Testament's Christology of divine identity. Eerdmans. https://www.amazon.com/Jesus-God-Israel-Testaments-Christology/dp/0802845592
Bavinck, H. (2003). Reformed dogmatics: Prolegomena (J. Vriend, Trans.; J. Bolt, Ed., Vol. 1). Baker Academic. (Original work published 1895). https://www.amazon.com/Reformed-Dogmatics-Vol-1-Prolegomena/dp/0801026326
Beale, G. K. (2011). A New Testament biblical theology: The unfolding of the Old Testament in the New. Baker Academic. https://www.obinfonet.ro/docs/tbnt/tbnt-manuals/gkbeale-tbnt.pdf
Carson, D. A. (1996). The gagging of God: Christianity confronts pluralism. Zondervan. https://archive.org/details/gaggingofgodchri0000cars
Horton, M. (2011). The Christian faith: A systematic theology for pilgrims on the way. Zondervan. https://archive.org/details/christianfaithsy0000hort
Sangwa, S. (2026a). The Bible: The inspired, infallible, and authoritative Word of God. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.119
Sangwa, S. (2026b). God: The One True God, Creator, Sovereign Lord, and Holy Trinity. Open Journal of
Science, Philosophy and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.120
Sangwa, S. (2026c). Jesus Christ: The Eternal Son, True God and True Man, Crucified Savior, Risen https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.123
Sangwa, S. (2026d). The Holy Spirit: True God, Spirit of Truth, Regenerator, Indwelling Seal, Sanctifier, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.124
Sangwa, S. (2026e). Angels, Satan, and Demons: Created Spirits, Ministering Servants, Fallen Powers, https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.125
Sangwa, S. (2026f). Humanity: Created in God's Image, Fallen in Sin, Accountable Before God, and in https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.126
Sangwa, S. (2026g). Salvation: By Grace Alone, Through Faith Alone, in Christ Alone, Regenerated by and Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.127
Sangwa, S. (2026h). The Church: The Body of Christ, the People of God, and the Witness of the Gospel. Open Journal of Science, Philosophy & Theology, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.128
Sangwa, S. (2026i). Things to Come: The Return of Christ, Resurrection, Judgment, Kingdom, and https://doi.org/10.65655/openchristianpress.129
Smith, J. K. A. (2009). Desiring the kingdom: Worship, worldview, and cultural formation. Baker Academic. https://archive.org/details/desiringkingdomw0000smit
Vanhoozer, K. J. (2005). The drama of doctrine: A canonical linguistic approach to Christian theology.
Westminster John Knox Press. https://archive.org/details/dramaofdoctrinec0000vanh
